Friday, May 11, 2012

Vindicated! My Favorite Law Professor

After the first World Trade Center attack and the attack on the USS Cole (shown), the Bill Clinton administration jury-rigged its war on crime model in an attempt to make it work against international terrorism. It didn’t. After the horror of 9-11, George W. Bush got his experts together and heeded the advice that an entirely different approach to asymmetrical warfare and terrorism was needed. One of those advisers was my legal hero, UC Berkeley Law Professor John Yoo.

Yoo was given the job of evaluating both the failed war on crime model and the partially-fleshed out doctrine of active defense developed during the Ronald Reagan era. That model was largely the result of Reagan adviser George Schultz’s policy of “active prevention, preemption, retaliation, and deterrence. Yoo was asked to use his experience and constitutional brilliance to determine how the war on terror could be conducted within the international rules of war, the Constitution and American law.

Yoo offered his opinion on preemptive strikes, international cooperation, clandestine activities, use of the CIA in war zones, military black ops, and most controversial of all, enhanced interrogation. For deeper background, you can go to my July 2009 article and Professor Yoo’s own war with the Obama administration: Yoo Hoo? Barack Hussein Obama came into office promising to wave his hand and bring peace on earth, end all war by making nice-nice with Islamic terrorists and Middle East dictators, closing Guantanamo, and quickly terminating the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan by the sheer force of his toothy grin.

Part of Obama’s agenda for election and subsequent foreign policy was to damn pretty much everything Bush had accomplished, including obtaining vital intelligence by less-than-pretty interrogation techniques. As the face of legal justification for the Bush actions, John Yoo found himself in the crosshairs of the Obama politicization of war, the Eric Holder Justice Department back-to-the-war-on-crime-model legal philosophy, and the entire antiwar anti-American left. Yoo was investigated for having provided “inhumane” advice to the President, and finally sued by (of all people) shoe-bomber Jose Padilla.

Padilla claimed that Yoo’s advice resulted in his torture at the hands of military and civilian interrogators. In order to advance his own liberal agenda, Obama not only had the DOJ conduct extensive investigations on Yoo’s activities while a Bush adviser, but also pointedly nominated a far-left law professor from Yoo’s own law school to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal. The Senate rejected Yoo’s nemesis, twice, for being far outside the mainstream of American jurisprudence. For some background on that nominee, you can go to Perfect Nominee.

That same Ninth Circuit Court heard arguments from the trial courts which had placed Yoo and the Bush doctrine in legal jeopardy. The case hinged on two principles: Were the techniques used on Padilla legal and constitutional as defined by law at the time of the alleged torture, and was Yoo immune from prosecution for giving the president advice on interrogation techniques? And amazingly, on May 2 the most-reversed and farthest left federal appellate court in the United States found in Yoo’s favor without reservation.

And not only was Yoo vindicated and the suit dismissed, but the justices announced its support of principles which will easily survive any challenge at the current Supreme Court if such a challenge is even launched. First, the court held that government officials are immune from private litigation for their national security advice and decisions. Second, the decision upholds the Reagan-Bush doctrine over the Clinton-Obama doctrine. It clearly states that terrorists are enemy combatants subject to the rules of war not to the civilian courts. The government can choose to treat terrorists as common criminals, but it is not required to do so.

Yoo advised Bush that the Third and Fourth Geneva conventions (upon which the DOJ and Padilla relied) did not address issues related to asymmetrical war and terrorism not officially supported by any recognizable national entity. The scum caught up in the cases Yoo’s advice addressed did not qualify as genuine prisoners of war, since such prisoners under the Conventions must qualify as lawful combatants at the time of capture, be wearing a recognizable uniform, be part of a recognizable chain-of-command, openly bearing arms, and serving in the armed forces of one of the states having signed the Geneva Conventions.

Neither Padilla nor any of the current “Guantanamo Five” come even close to fitting into the category of lawful combatant as defined by the Geneva Conventions. In fact, the Conventions don’t address “terrorism” at all, but the terrorists do fit nicely into the category of unlawful combatants and even “spies.” Yoo said that they were not entitled to any of the traditional protections of prisoners of war. Obama and Holder both wanted to grant them rights nearly tantamount to those of an American citizen charged with a crime committed within the territorial confines of the United States. When Yoo wouldn’t agree with them, they went after him.

Naturally, the biggest issue was the much kicked-around interrogation technique of waterboarding. The court held that the definition of torture can be expanded or contracted by the administration in power. But the court also made it clear that both Congress and the administration at that time had given their imprimatur to the technique. The change in the definition of torture by the Obama administration does not affect activities which went before the change, and if allowed as the basis of a lawsuit would effectively be the equivalent of a constitutionally impermissible ex post facto law.

So I congratulate the Ninth Circuit for making a rare sensible decision which will, if necessary, hold up to scrutiny by the Supreme Court. But more than that, I applaud the vindication of Professor John Yoo. In celebration of Yoo’s victory, I also include a picture of the restored USS Cole. Both prove that you can’t keep a good American down.

14 comments:

Patriot said...

LawHawk: Too bad we don't have a way to communicate the basic arguments of cases like this to the American public.....in a "non-legalese" manner. Wouldn't it be nice to have two columns where in one we have the administrations position in plain English (no bias language) and the defendants position alongside.

Admin position: treat terrorists as lawful prisoners of war with all the rights of us citizens. Previous admin position: didnt follow Geneva, aren't considered POWs, no rights as US citizens. Would help us normal folks (non-lawyers) to understand the differences in position.

Joel Farnham said...

Yay! For Yoo!

StanH said...

This is a perfect example of the difference between liberal and conservative thinking. Conservatives want results, liberals just want to talk. Mr. Yoo is a courageous American de facto, he was merely giving advice with the rubble of the Twin Towers still in the Manhattan streets, with American victory in mind. While liberals were beginning to seethe about rights of enemy combatants, American jingoism, Little Eichmann’s (Ward Churchill) and alike, that if followed would have allowed the ones responsible to get away scot free. As far as the 9th Circuit, even a blind pig…

tryanmax said...

This story kept popping up on my radar even before I stumbled onto Commentarama. From the first, I always thought the administration was working for an ex post facto conviction. Glad to see the case wrapped up and the law upheld. Equally glad to see my initial instincts were correct.

T-Rav said...

That's great news.

I remember a year or so ago when the Evil One himself, Dick Cheney, appeared on Leno. Jay asked him a bunch of questions about waterboarding and other forms of interrogation: "But what about this?" "Isn't this just an awful thing to do to someone?" Cheney shut every talking point down so effectively neither Leno nor the audience was left with anything to say. Loved it. Yoo's case is proof that, eventually, the facts win out.

AndrewPrice said...

Good for Yoo!

Unknown said...

Patriot: The best we owe terrorists and unlawful combatants is humane treatment. Unfortunately, the Obama administration thinks "humane" = "kid gloves." At least that's the administration's public position. Events over the past three years have indicated that much of what Obama says is not the same as what he does.

Unknown said...

Joel: Well, I had to prove that UC Berkeley isn't all bad. LOL

Unknown said...

Stan: Yoo is a brilliant legal scholar, but he has that one talent that so many others lack--practical wisdom. He can look at what needs to be done, consider the actual circumstances, and still come up with solutions which fit both prevailing law and constitutional boundaries. He can get past the question of how many angels can dance on the end of a legal pin and ask "who does the pin belong to?"

Unknown said...

tryanmax: Good instincts. Frankly, I was somewhat surprised that the Ninth Circuit ruled in his favor. I wasn't expecting a pro-Yoo ruling, but I did expect a lot of meaningless legal rhetoric which would exonerate him while still treating him as a pariah. This was a very clear and concise opinion.

rlaWTX said...

Andrew - I thought of your comments about TOTUS & Iran when I read this:
http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/299659/echoes-67-israel-unites-charles-krauthammer

With Israel having a united gov't and TOTUS running for reelection, Iran needs to watch its six.

Unknown said...

T-Rav: I'm with Cheney and a host of others. However, there are people of good faith who believe that waterboarding is torture. This decision affirmed America's right to decide for itself either way without interference from useless organizations like the UN, and at the same time said that at the time of the waterboarding, it was legal and had the support of both the executive branch and Congress. You don't get to change the rules in the middle of the game.

Unknown said...

Andrew: Good for me? Yoo's on second, but Hu's on first. Hey, Abbot!

Unknown said...

rlaWTX: While Israel prepares to defend its very life, Obama prepares to burnish his "warrior" credentials. But as long as it makes Iran more vulnerable, I'll take Obama's current cynicism over his past airy-fairy peacenik foolishness.

Here's your clickable link: Israel Unites.

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